Which is NOT a step in the six-step design process?

• A. Initial client contact
• B. Programming
• C. Schematic design
• D. Budget estimation

Answer: (D)

The six-step design process is organized around the main phases that guide a project from discovery to completion: programming, schematic design, design development, construction documents, bidding and negotiation, and construction administration. Budget estimation isn’t listed as its own separate phase in this sequence. It’s an important part of planning and is handled within the programming stage and revisited as a project progresses to ensure the design stays within cost limits. Initial client contact is typically considered part of the pre-design or programming activities, not a distinct design phase. So budget estimation isn’t a formal step in the six-step process.